Single-tube
Single-tube tires seem to be most popular nowadays and therefore the following pointers as to repairing are valuable:
Riders of single-tube tires should exercise care in the selection of proper repairing materials, for without their aid the result of tire-mending is apt to be an unsatisfactory experiment and a waste of time. Common-sense demands that the base of the plug patch used should be of as large a circumference as can possibly be passed into the puncture-hole with the aid of a pair of small pliers, and should be be in all cases as thick at the outer edge as at the center, where the plug itself, which fills the puncture, is attached. This gives the plug patch a most necessary element, body, and braces it against the inner surface of the tire, when properly cemented, so as to strengthen the punctured portion, re-enforcing [sic] it in a manner best suited to the tire's needs. Cyclists who repair their tires with this kind of plugs and use good cement wisely need not fear unsatisfactory results. The single-tube tire is simplicity itself to repair if you do it right.
One feature of single-tube tire repairing that should be known to every rider of that class of tires is the proper setting of the plug patch in the puncture hole. The method of operation is simplicity itself, and it is surprising that so few riders realize the importance of a properly made repair enough to give it the study it deserves. The single-tube tire readily recommends itself to the majority of cyclists because of its simplicity and well-known riding and wearing qualities, and its methods of repair are kindred features. In setting the plug-patch care should be exercised to make sure that it is free from dirt and that its cemented surface lies flat against the inner surface of the tire. This can be successfully accomplished after the insertion of the plug by pushing the stem of the cement tube into the puncture hole alongside the plug and squeezing an ample supply of cement against the patch to moisten its surface thoroughly. The patch must then be revolved many times by grasping it by the projecting plug, which will spread the cement evenly before inflating the tire. This is an essential point in the repair of single-tube tires, and should never be omitted to obtain a permanent repair. The plug patch used should invariably have as large a patch surface as can be pushed through the puncture hole, and should be as thick at the edge as at the center. Any other kind has no tenacity, and will not give permanent service.
THE WHEELMEN. - The San Francisco Call, 09 Nov 1895
https://onlinebicyclemuseum.co.uk/american-single-tube-tyres/
https://thecabe.com/forum/threads/reproduction-28-tires.143402/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tubular_tyre
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